Geopolitical dynamics in Southeast Asia are complex and influenced by various factors, including major powers operating in the region, natural resources, and social and economic issues. Historically, Southeast Asia has been a strategic area between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, making it important for international actors. One major factor in this dynamic is China’s rise as a global power. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) initiated by Beijing aims to increase connectivity and trade with Southeast Asian countries. China invests in infrastructure and business development, thereby fueling economic dependence on member countries. On the other hand, the United States seeks to maintain its influence in the region through the Indo-Pacific strategy. This policy includes military cooperation with countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. Joint military exercises and arms sales are part of this strategy to deal with potential threats from China. Meanwhile, regional organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) play an important role in maintaining stability. ASEAN seeks to facilitate dialogue between member countries and reduce tensions that may arise from shifts in global power. Even so, agreements within ASEAN are often hampered by differences in interests between countries, such as the South China Sea issue which is a source of conflict. The South China Sea issue is the main focus in Southeast Asian geopolitics. Countries such as Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines have claims to the area, which is rich in natural resources and strategic shipping lanes. Tensions are rising as China strengthens its presence in the region with the construction of military bases and resource exploration activities. In the social and cultural context, ethnic and religious diversity in Southeast Asia also plays an important role. Tensions between ethnic and religious groups in countries such as Myanmar and Thailand can disrupt domestic stability and, in a broader context, affect relations between countries. The digital economy is also an important element in this geopolitical dynamic. Countries in Southeast Asia are increasingly competing in the technology and innovation sectors. Investments in technology startups and the digitalization of the economy create new opportunities as well as challenges in maintaining data sovereignty. International relations in Southeast Asia will continue to develop, pushing countries to adapt to rapid changes in global dynamics. Each country has a unique strategic role, and cooperation and competition between the great powers will determine the region’s future. Through a deeper understanding of these factors, we can gain a clearer picture of Southeast Asia’s geopolitics and the challenges it will face going forward.